Concordance of Dye-Spraying Chromoendoscopy and Virtual Chromoendoscopy for Colonic Dysplasia Detection in Longstanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In the past, dye-spraying chromoendoscopy was the technique of choice for colonic surveillance in patients with long-standing extensive inflammatory bowel disease. Recent evidence suggests that virtual chromoendoscopy is an equally acceptable technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven gastroenterologists were given a survey with 20 pairs of pictures from inflammatory bowel disease surveillance colonoscopies (10 with nondysplastic lesions, 5 with dysplastic lesions, and 5 with no lesions). Each pair contained the same image captured during colonoscopy using indigo carmine and narrow-band imaging. For each picture, the gastroenterologist assessed the presence/absence of lesion and, when a lesion was identified, assessed the presence/absence of dysplasia and delineated its margins. To compare lesion and dysplasia detection between techniques, sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver agreement were calculated. The chi-square test was used to assess the accuracy of margins delineation. RESULTS: When assessing lesion and dysplasia detection, similar sensitivity and specificity values were obtained for both techniques. Interobserver agreement analysis revealed that dye-spraying chromoendoscopy and virtual chromoendoscopy had a moderate agreement in lesion detection but, for dysplasia detection, dye-spraying chromoendoscopy had a slight agreement [K = 0.11 (0.03-0.18), P < .01] and virtual chromoendoscopy a fair agreement [K = 0.30 (0.22-0.37), P < .01]. Margin delineation was similar between techniques. CONCLUSION: Sensitivity and specificity for lesion and dysplasia detection, as well as the accuracy of margins delineation, were similar between dye-spraying chromoendoscopy and virtual chromoendoscopy. Interobserver agreement for dysplasia detection was suboptimal in both techniques; however, it was superior when using virtual chromoendoscopy. These findings suggest that virtual chromoendoscopy constitutes a valid alternative for dysplasia screening in inflammatory bowel disease.

Influence of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy: a placental view.

Since the beginning of the current coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19), there has been great concern over a disease that has spread rapidly in several countries worldwide, with the result of several deaths, including deaths of pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on placental changes in infected pregnant women and/or asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 during pregnancy, aiming at the possible vertical transmission. A systematic collection was carried out on the effects of that COVID-19 can cause directly and/or indirectly to pregnancy and the placenta in the following databases: Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo, Lilacs, and Web of Science. For search, the following descriptors were used: placenta, pregnant woman, COVID-19, maternal-fetal. The results indicate transplacental transmission in some cases reviewed in many reports from this study. The presence of the virus was seen in the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, and peripheral blood. Finally, pathological studies suggest that there are morphological changes related to infection in the placentas. We can conclude that, based on the researched material, there is little evidence of transplacental vertical viral transmission and its respective morphological changes related to viral infection in the placenta.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF INDIGOFERA SUFFRUTICOSA (MILL) ON PARACETAMOL-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN MICE.

BACKGROUND: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae) is abundant in northeastern Brazil and popularly used in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes. Several biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor, hepatoprotective and low toxicity, are reported for this plant. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated hepatoprotective activity and the antioxidant effect of methanolic extract of I. suffruticosa leaves (MEIS) on Swiss albino mice submitted to experimental models of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. METHODS: MEIS (50 mg/kg; p.o.) was standardized according to the LD50 and its hepatoprotective property on Swiss albino mice evaluated during a 7-day period. On the eighth day, the acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury was performed. Histomorphometric analysis of liver tissue, antioxidant activity and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin were measured. RESULTS: MEIS (50 mg/kg; p.o.) restored serum enzyme levels and results were close to those of positive control (silymarin) when compared to the negative control. Histopathological and histomorphometric analyzes confirmed MEIS hepatoprotective activity, showing reorganization of structural units of cells, nuclei and sinusoidal capillaries of hepatocytes, reducing the damage on liver tissue and increasing organ regeneration rate. MEIS showed high antioxidant potential at concentrations of 1000 and 500 µg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that MEIS has hepatoprotective activity and high antioxidant potential.

Eficácia hepatoprotetora do extrato metanólico de Indigofera suffruticosa (Mill) em lesão hepática induzido por paracetamol em camundongos / Hepatoprotective efficacy of methanolic extract of indigofera suffruticosa (mill) on paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae) is abundant in northeastern Brazil and popularly used in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes. Several biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor, hepatoprotective and low toxicity, are reported for this plant. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated hepatoprotective activity and the antioxidant effect of methanolic extract of I. suffruticosa leaves (MEIS) on Swiss albino mice submitted to experimental models of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. METHODS: MEIS (50 mg/kg; p.o.) was standardized according to the LD50 and its hepatoprotective property on Swiss albino mice evaluated during a 7-day period. On the eighth day, the acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury was performed. Histomorphometric analysis of liver tissue, antioxidant activity and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin were measured. RESULTS: MEIS (50 mg/kg; p.o.) restored serum enzyme levels and results were close to those of positive control (silymarin) when compared to the negative control. Histopathological and histomorphometric analyzes confirmed MEIS hepatoprotective activity, showing reorganization of structural units of cells, nuclei and sinusoidal capillaries of hepatocytes, reducing the damage on liver tissue and increasing organ regeneration rate. MEIS showed high antioxidant potential at concentrations of 1000 and 500 µg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that MEIS has hepatoprotective activity and high antioxidant potential.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae) é abundante no nordeste do Brasil e popularmente utilizada no tratamento de processos infecciosos e inflamatórios. Várias propriedades biológicas, como anti-inflamatório, anticâncer, antitumoral, hepatoprotetor e baixa toxicidade, são relatadas para esta planta. OBJETIVO: Este estudo investigou a atividade hepatoprotetora e o efeito antioxidante do extrato metanólico de folhas de I. suffruticosa (MEIS) em camundongos albinos suíços submetidos a modelos experimentais de lesão hepática induzida por paracetamol. MÉTODOS: O MEIS na dose de 50 mg/kg (via oral) foi padronizado de acordo com a LD50 e sua propriedade hepatoprotetora em camundongos albinos Swiss avaliados durante um período de sete dias. No oitavo dia, a lesão hepática foi induzida por paracetamol em todos grupos pre-tratados. Foram medidos os níveis sericos enzimaticos, alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase e bilirrubina, análise histomorfométrica do tecido hepático e atividade antioxidante. RESULTADOS: O MEIS restaurou os níveis séricos de enzimas e os resultados foram próximos aos do controle positivo (silimarina) quando comparados ao controle negativo. As análises histopatológicas e histomorfométricas confirmaram a atividade hepatoprotetora do MEIS, mostrando reorganização das unidades estruturais das células, núcleos e capilares sinusoidais dos hepatócitos, reduzindo os danos no tecido hepático e aumentando a taxa de regeneração de órgãos. O MEIS apresentou alto potencial antioxidante nas concentrações de 1000 e 500 µg/mL. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo sugere que I. suffruticosa tem atividade hepatoprotetora e alto potencial antioxidante.

Stem cell-associated heterogeneity in Glioblastoma results from intrinsic tumor plasticity shaped by the microenvironment.

The identity and unique capacity of cancer stem cells (CSC) to drive tumor growth and resistance have been challenged in brain tumors. Here we report that cells expressing CSC-associated cell membrane markers in Glioblastoma (GBM) do not represent a clonal entity defined by distinct functional properties and transcriptomic profiles, but rather a plastic state that most cancer cells can adopt. We show that phenotypic heterogeneity arises from non-hierarchical, reversible state transitions, instructed by the microenvironment and is predictable by mathematical modeling. Although functional stem cell properties were similar in vitro, accelerated reconstitution of heterogeneity provides a growth advantage in vivo, suggesting that tumorigenic potential is linked to intrinsic plasticity rather than CSC multipotency. The capacity of any given cancer cell to reconstitute tumor heterogeneity cautions against therapies targeting CSC-associated membrane epitopes. Instead inherent cancer cell plasticity emerges as a novel relevant target for treatment.

Freud e os desdobramentos da questão histérica na história de Christoph Haizmann / Freud and the developments of the hysterical issue in Christoph Haizmann's case / Freud et les développements de la question hystérique dans le cas de Christoph Haizmann / Freud y el desarrollo de la cuestión de la histeria en la historia de Christoph Haizmann

O trabalho visa, inicialmente, delinear algumas referências históricas sobre o tema da histeria, especialmente em sua perspectiva demológica e as "teorias" que articulam a ideia do demônio às "doenças da alma". A seguir resgata-se o artigo freudiano "Uma neurose demoníaca do século XVII", de 1923, quando Freud, a partir de seu interesse pela feitiçaria, possessões e fenômenos afins, dedica-se ao estudo do caso do pintor Christoph Haizmann que, acossado por convulsões e alucinações assustadoras, faz um pacto com o diabo. No referido trabalho, Freud estabelece as relações entre a figura do demônio e a figura paterna destacando uma questão fundamental para o estudo da histeria que servirá para as posteriores elaborações de Lacan sobre o tema.

Initially, this paper aims to outline some historical references about hysteria, especially from its demonological perspective and regarding the "theories" which associate the idea of 'demon' to 'illnesses of the soul'. We take into account Freud's paper 'A seventeenth-century demonological neurosis' (1923), written in a time when Freud examined witchcraft, possessions and other phenomena and analyzed Christoph Haizmann's case who, harassed by convulsions and frightening hallucinations, makes a deal with the devil. In that paper, Freud associates the figure of the demon to the figure of the father, outlining a fundamental question for the studies on hysteria, which will serve for Lacan's developments about that subject.

Cet article vise initialement à délimiter certaines références historiques concernant le thème de l'hystérie, notamment en ce qui concerne sa perspective démonologique et les 'théories' qui lient l'idée du démon aux 'maladies de l'âme'. Ensuite on reprend l'article de Freud « Une névrose démoniaque au XVIIe siècle ¼ rédigé en 1923, lorsque Freud, étant donné son intérêt pour la sorcellerie, les possessions et les phénomènes apparentés, se consacre à l'étude du cas du peintre Christoph Haizmann qui, souffrant de convulsions et d'hallucinations effrayantes, fait un pacte avec le diable. Dans cet article, Freud établit les rapports entre la figure du démon et la figure paternelle en soulignant un enjeu fondamental pour l'étude de l'hystérie qui servira aux élaborations postérieures de Lacan sur ce thème.

Inicialmente, el trabajo tiene como objetivo delinear algunas referencias históricas sobre el tema de la histeria, especialmente en su perspectiva demonológica y las "teorías" que articulan la idea del demonio a las "enfermedades del alma". A continuación, se rescata el artículo freudiano "Una neurosis demoníaca del siglo XVII", de 1923, cuando Freud, a partir de su interés por la hechicería, posesiones y fenómenos similares, se dedica a estudiar el caso del pintor Christoph Haizmann que, atormentado por convulsiones y alucinaciones atemorizadoras, hace un pacto con el diablo. En el referido trabajo, Freud establece las relaciones entre la figura del demonio y la figura paterna destacando una cuestión fundamental para el estudio de la histeria, cuestión que servirá para las posteriores elaboraciones de Lacan sobre el tema.

Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt zunächst einige historische Aspekte zum Thema der Hysterie, insbesondere die dämonologische Dimension und die "Theorien", welche die Idee des Teufels mit den "Seelenkrankheiten" verknüpfen. Freuds Artikel „Eine Teufelsneurose im siebzehnten Jahrhundert" (1923), verfasst in einer Zeit als Freud sich für Hexerei, Besessenheit und verwandte Phänomene interessierte, untersucht den Fall des Malers Christoph Haizmann. Da dieser an Krämpfen und furchterregenden Halluzinationen litt, schloss er einen Pakt mit dem Teufel. In seinem Artikel erörtert Freud die Beziehungen zwischen der Figur des Teufels und der väterlichen Figur, wobei er eine grundlegende Frage für das Studium der Hysterie hervorhebt, die den späteren Ausführungen von Lacan zu diesem Thema dienen wird.

Palatal obturator designed by 3-dimensional prototyping for a patient with a large ameloblastoma: a case report.

The aim of the present report was to detail the advantages of using 3-dimensional (3D) prototyping in the planning, modeling, and manufacturing of an immediate palatal obturator for a 62-year-old man who underwent a left total maxillectomy to remove a solid, multicystic ameloblastoma. The prosthesis provided favorable restoration of stomatognathic functions, including speech, swallowing, and mastication. The use of an immediate obturator prosthesis made with 3D technology is an important aid in the treatment of patients diagnosed with tumors in the head and neck region.

Clinique psychiatrique et ethique du sujet / Clínica psiquiátrica e ética do sujeito / Psychiatric clinic and ethics of the subject / Clínica psiquiátrica y ética del sujeto

Ce travail a pour objectif celui de relativiser les critiques psychanalytiques adressées au champ psychiatrique fondées sur la conception de l'existence unitaire, absolue et sans clivage, de quelque chose qui fonctionnerait comme étant «La Psychiatrie¼. En montrant les tensions existant au sein même de la psychopathologie psychiatrique par l'émergence du sujet et de sa singularité, nous cherchons à indiquer des pistes pour la construction d'une psychiatrie fondée sur une éthique du sujet et de son désir.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relativizar as críticas psicanalíticas dirigidas ao campo psiquiátrico fundadas na concepção da existência unitária, absoluta e sem clivagens de algo que funcionaria como "A Psiquiatria". Ao mostrar as tensões existentes na psicopatologia psiquiátrica pela emergência do sujeito e de sua singularidade, buscamos indicar maneiras de construir uma psiquiatria baseada na ética do sujeito e de seu desejo.

This work aims to relativize the psychoanalytic criticisms addressed to the psychiatric field based on the conception of the unitary, absolute and undivided existence of something that would function as "the Psychiatry ". By showing the tensions existing within psychiatric psychopathology by the emergence of the subject and his/her singularity, we seek to indicate ways of constructing a Psychiatry based on an ethics of the subject and of his/her desire.

El objetivo de este trabajo es relativizar las críticas psicoanalíticas, dirigidas al campo psiquiátrico, fundadas en la concepción de una unidad absoluta y sin la disociación de algo que funcionaría como "La Psiquiatría". Al presentar las tensiones existentes en la psicopatología psiquiátrica, debido a la emergencia del sujeto y a su singularidad, buscamos indicar maneras de construir una psiquiatría basada en la ética del sujeto y de su deseo.

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die gegen die Psychiatrie gerichteten psychoanalytischen Kritiken zu relativieren, welche auf dem Konzept einer angeblich einheitlichen, absoluten und spaltungsfreien „Psychiatrie" basieren. Indem wir die Spannungen aufzeigen, die in der psychiatrischen Psychopathologie durch die Manifestation des Subjekts und seiner Singularität bestehen, versuchen wir Wege aufzuzeigen, eine Psychiatrie auf der Grundlage der Ethik und des Wunsches des Subjekts aufzubauen.

Impact of Histological and Endoscopic Remissions on Clinical Recurrence and Recurrence-free Time in Ulcerative Colitis.

BACKGROUND: Clinical and endoscopic remissions constitute the therapeutic goals in ulcerative colitis (UC). Histological healing is currently not a target in UC. This study aims to determine the impact of the definition of endoscopic remission (Mayo endoscopic subscore [MSe] 0-1) and histological activity in the recurrence of UC and recurrence-free survival time. METHODS: Patients with UC in clinical remission (partial Mayo score ≤ 1) and endoscopic remission (MSe ≤ 1) who underwent colonoscopy with biopsies between March 2010 and December 2013 were included. The validated Nancy score was used to evaluate histological activity, which considers inactivity if 0 to 1 and activity if 2 to 4. The recurrence-free time was evaluated and recurrence was defined as partial Mayo score ≥ 2, therapy to induce remission, hospitalization, or colectomy. Predictive factors associated with recurrence and time to recurrence were determined. RESULTS: Sixty patients were included; 58.3% (n = 35) were women, with a mean age of 52.7 years. MSe = 1 was observed in 46.7% (n = 28) and histological activity in 38.3% (n = 23). Clinical recurrence occurred in 31.7% (n = 19) of patients, with a cumulative risk of 17.1%/24.5%/26.7%/40.1% at 12/24/36/48 months, respectively. MSe = 1 (P = 0.02) and histological activity (P = 0.007) were significantly associated with recurrence. Of these, only histological activity (P = 0.03) was an independent predictive factor of recurrence. Patients with MSe = 1 (P = 0.02) and with histological activity (P = 0.01) had a significantly shorter recurrence-free time in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only histological activity (P = 0.02) was an independent predictive factor of lower recurrence-free time. CONCLUSION: The presence of histological activity represents an independent predictive factor of recurrence and time to recurrence, which was not verified with MSe 0 to 1.

The Baveno VI criteria for predicting esophageal varices: validation in real life practice

Background and aims: According to the Baveno VI consensus, patients with liver stiffness < 20 kPa and a platelet count > 150,000 ul have very low risk of clinically significant varices and do not need a screening endoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate non-invasive methods as predictors of esophageal varices according to the Baveno VI recommendations, in real life clinical practice. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of patients with chronic liver disease who underwent transient elastography between January 2013 and December 2015. Results: One hundred and four patients were included in the study, the median age was 56.8 years and 69.2% were male. The etiology of liver disease was hepatitis C in 80% of patients (including 20% with HIV co-infection), alcohol in 12%, hepatitis B in 4% and other causes in 5%. Varices were present in 25% of patients. A liver stiffness < 20 kPa had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 84.6%. When considering high risk varices (small with red wales or large varices), a liver stiffness < 20 kPa had 100% sensitivity. A platelet count > 150,000/l had a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 64.1%. Four patients with a platelet count (PLT) > 150,000/l had esophageal varices. When both criteria were applied to the patient cohort, according to the Baveno VI consensus, the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity, 61.5%. Conclusion: In this study, the Baveno VI criteria had 100% sensitivity but a relatively low specificity for the non-invasive diagnosis of esophageal varices. In clinical practice, all patients with varices are identified but many patients have a subsequent negative endoscopy (AU)

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The Baveno VI criteria for predicting esophageal varices: validation in real life practice.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: According to the Baveno VI consensus, patients with liver stiffness < 20 kPa and a platelet count > 150,000 ul have very low risk of clinically significant varices and do not need a screening endoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate non-invasive methods as predictors of esophageal varices according to the Baveno VI recommendations, in real life clinical practice. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of patients with chronic liver disease who underwent transient elastography between January 2013 and December 2015. RESULTS: One hundred and four patients were included in the study, the median age was 56.8 years and 69.2% were male. The etiology of liver disease was hepatitis C in 80% of patients (including 20% with HIV co-infection), alcohol in 12%, hepatitis B in 4% and other causes in 5%. Varices were present in 25% of patients. A liver stiffness < 20 kPa had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 84.6%. When considering high risk varices (small with red wales or large varices), a liver stiffness < 20 kPa had 100% sensitivity. A platelet count > 150,000/l had a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 64.1%. Four patients with a platelet count (PLT) > 150,000/l had esophageal varices. When both criteria were applied to the patient cohort, according to the Baveno VI consensus, the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity, 61.5%. CONCLUSION: In this study, the Baveno VI criteria had 100% sensitivity but a relatively low specificity for the non-invasive diagnosis of esophageal varices. In clinical practice, all patients with varices are identified but many patients have a subsequent negative endoscopy.

Adenoma with pseudoinvasion - A crucial differential diagnosis for invasive adenocarcinoma / Adenoma con pseudoinvasion- un diagnóstico diferencial crucial para el adenocarcinoma invasive

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Stability-based validation of dietary patterns obtained by cluster analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cluster analysis is a data-driven method used to create clusters of individuals sharing similar dietary habits. However, this method requires specific choices from the user which have an influence on the results. Therefore, there is a need of an objective methodology helping researchers in their decisions during cluster analysis. The objective of this study was to use such a methodology based on stability of clustering solutions to select the most appropriate clustering method and number of clusters for describing dietary patterns in the NESCAV study (Nutrition, Environment and Cardiovascular Health), a large population-based cross-sectional study in the Greater Region (N = 2298). METHODS: Clustering solutions were obtained with K-means, K-medians and Ward's method and a number of clusters varying from 2 to 6. Their stability was assessed with three indices: adjusted Rand index, Cramer's V and misclassification rate. RESULTS: The most stable solution was obtained with K-means method and a number of clusters equal to 3. The "Convenient" cluster characterized by the consumption of convenient foods was the most prevalent with 46% of the population having this dietary behaviour. In addition, a "Prudent" and a "Non-Prudent" patterns associated respectively with healthy and non-healthy dietary habits were adopted by 25% and 29% of the population. The "Convenient" and "Non-Prudent" clusters were associated with higher cardiovascular risk whereas the "Prudent" pattern was associated with a decreased cardiovascular risk. Associations with others factors showed that the choice of a specific dietary pattern is part of a wider lifestyle profile. CONCLUSION: This study is of interest for both researchers and public health professionals. From a methodological standpoint, we showed that using stability of clustering solutions could help researchers in their choices. From a public health perspective, this study showed the need of targeted health promotion campaigns describing the benefits of healthy dietary patterns.